Subject | : | Secrecy |
Author | : | Steve Price |
Date | : | 12-14-1999 on 02:35 p.m. |
sprice@hsc.vcu.edu Many African groups have societal hierarchies through which people progress throughout life. "Promotion" involves learning some body of secrets. The secrets themselves are not terribly profound (typically, the equivalent of a bunch of maxims and proverbs), but the fact that only some people know them and everyone else knows that there are things unknown to them but known to others gives certain prestige and power to the upper level societies. Come to think of it, this is not too unusual in western cultures either. Consider fraternal organizations, for instance, or academic or industrial hierarchies, or certain professional organizations for that matter. A few years ago there was a wonderful exhibition of African art called, Secrecy: African Art that Conceals and Reveals. The essence of one of the catalog essays (by Nooter, I believe) was that the art forms embodied secrets and reminded some members of the community that others knew things that they didn't. So-called Kente cloth from the Ashante people in Ghana is a simple example. The cloth is made from warp faced narrow strips, with various symbolic motifs done in supplementary weft work at intervals along the strips. The warp faced patterns (of stripes) have names and meanings as well. In this example, you are looking at part of three strips sewn together. The white stripes on black ground warp faced pattern is known as the "lion catcher". It was designed by a 19th century king in honor of the fact that his military officers successfully met his challenge to their courage by trapping a big cat without weapons. The patterns of horizontal stripes are symbolic motifs, and so are the motifs they enclose. I believe the one that appears twice is "paddles", symbolizing the notion that the boat only moves forward when the paddles work cooperatively. I may be mistaken in the specifics here, but the principle applies - some people understand the secret of the motif, others only know that there is a secret known to the seniors. I wonder if anything similar exists in western and central Asian cultures, and if so, whether it is incorporated into their textiles. Steve Price |
Subject | : | |
Author | : | |
Date | : | on |
Subject | : | RE:Secrecy |
Author | : | Jim+Allen |
Date | : | 12-14-1999 on 04:21 p.m. |
The Turkoman were conscious of the hidden nature of their sacred symbols. The tribal bird hidden in all old tekke chuval gulled torbas for instance. The Turkoman reserved the color white for the most important and significant images which they knew we tended to see as mere background. Some Turkoman iconography elicited an auditory response in the perceiver, trumpeting elephent border is a good example. It takes training to properly see some primitive design complexes, for example the kuba cloth you show. The Lega of darkest AFRICA had/have a set of aphorisims and societal fixed action patterns which would dwarf any knights of Columbus or any other such Western silliness. We are the worlds best at assuming we are the worlds best. Jim Allen |
Subject | : | RE:Secrecy |
Author | : | Steve Price |
Date | : | 12-14-1999 on 04:40 p.m. |
sprice@hsc.vcu.edu Dear Jim, If I understand Nooter correctly, the "secrecy" element in African art is not directed at the outsider but at the less advanced levels of the social hierarchy within the local culture. This is quite different than encoded symbols intended to confound outsiders, which, if I understand you correctly, is what you believe to be the function of the white forms on Turkmen textiles. And you mean we aren't the world's best? (Just kidding, Jim, just kidding). Regards, Steve Price |
Subject | : | RE:Secrecy |
Author | : | Yon Bard |
Date | : | 12-14-1999 on 06:48 p.m. |
It seems to me that secret meanings of visible eklements are a completely different issue from the question of invisible, or almost invisible, elements. It seems that you are talking about the first here, and the second in the other thread. Regards, Yon |
Subject | : | RE:Secrecy |
Author | : | Steve Price |
Date | : | 12-14-1999 on 10:05 p.m. |
sprice@hsc.vcu.edu Dear Yon, You are correct, there are two topics here. Perhaps there is a relation between them, perhaps not. I have a gut feeling that there is, but can not offer any evidence for why I think so, and hope that airing the subject will help sharpen up my thinking on it without being too unpleasant an exeercise for others. Steve Price |
Subject | : | RE:Secrecy |
Author | : | Alan Nagel |
Date | : | 12-15-1999 on 09:26 a.m. |
Let's keep in mind that often the matter of "secrecy" in the cases here proposed involves at least as much another matter, and two rather different analyses. The first is indeed that some people know X and others don't. Steve has cautioned us about how often those who know are only a subset of those of who don't know (more specifically these are members of the select group who know they don't know, e.g. lower levels in a 'secret society'). In this perspective, a "general community membership" is engaged minimally if at all (they 'don't know they don't know' in at least one specific sense). In this first matter, everyone tends to know at least a bit about the societies/groups, whether or not knowing anything of their 'secrets.' There are, after all, other markers of membership in the 'secret society.' (cf. women in relation to men's societies and vice versa). The second matter is that lots of people know X (even people of [nearly] every class/status in the community), but some can acknowledge THAT they know, directly or indirectly, and others can not, except in the form of sharing specifically 'unauthorized' secrets. Note that in the second case the "secrets" have become the non-secrets known by the unauthorized people, and knowing/not-knowing just isn't the crucial difference. Status, i.e. membership in distinguishable groups, is. Now back to THE THREAD: the relevance here is, I believe, a matter of keeping in mind that both hidden and secret elements may strongly involve 1) the differences between, say, weavers and non-weavers, or gender A (who weave) and gender B (who don't weave), and 2) the capacity to recognize the (hidden or secret) mark of difference, and the dependence/independence of this capacity on being able to bring specific meaning[s] to it. AFN |
Subject | : | RE:Secrecy |
Author | : | Patrick+Weiler |
Date | : | 12-15-1999 on 09:53 a.m. |
jpweil00@gte.net There are levels of secrecy evident in the fabrics of our own society. Gang members wear specific colors of clothing and specific added features. I can not tell, but am aware that there are differences discernible by the initiates. I would not equate American gang members with tribal weavers, but many of the Turkmen (among others) were considered very violent in their day. I also suspect that, however colorful and distinct, gang member clothing will not be highly collectible in the distant future. I would certainly challenge you to travel into "gang territory" to request to buy their clothing for profit and display. Patrick Weiler |
Subject | : | RE:Secrecy |
Author | : | Steve Price |
Date | : | 12-15-1999 on 10:23 a.m. |
sprice@hsc.vcu.edu Dear Alan and Patrick, I think Alan hit Nooter's main point right on the head; obviously, I expressed it badly. Her contention is that one of the things about being in the "upper echelon" is that the others know that you have secrets, and this gives the upper echelon a certain amount of power and, in Alan's words, status. That is to say, having the secrets would be of little advantage if the lower level folks didn't know that secrets existed. Patrick raises the matter of clothing as a means of identification, and, of course, this is in no way peculiar to violent peoples (although military uniforms come to mind instantly). It isn't hard to tell the bishop from the priests in a cathedral, or, in ordinary day to day life, to tell the people wearing men's clothes from those dressed like women. This might seem trivial, but many collectors of tribal art tend to think of those folks as having quaint and primitive practices that we've evolved beyond, being terribly sophisticated and all that. Steve Price |
Subject | : | RE:Secrecy |
Author | : | Yon Bard |
Date | : | 12-15-1999 on 03:35 p.m. |
What does any of this have to do with rugs? Regards, Yon |
Subject | : | RE:Secrecy |
Author | : | Steve Price |
Date | : | 12-15-1999 on 04:06 p.m. |
sprice@hsc.vcu.edu Dear Yon, It has to do with textile and other arts, their role in tribal societies, how that relates to the roles of textile and other arts in our societies, and their relationship to secrecy (interpreting the term very broadly) in all of the above. Regards, Steve Price |
Subject | : | RE:Secrecy |
Author | : | Alan+Nagel |
Date | : | 12-16-1999 on 09:06 a.m. |
Yon asks the appropriate "Emperor's new clothes" question. I'll declare myself: 1. My appreciation of rugs isn't entirely separable from a sense that each piece has some specific and pertinent relationship to a time, place, culture, artistry/artisanship. Afghan refugee pieces in Turkmen or Baluch designs and eclectic weave just aren't the same as 1960's Baluch market pieces as 1890's tribal Baluchis. 2. If I'm going to make efforts to understand rugs in addition to appreciating them as simply a matter of taste, I want the best grasp of how a rug may fit into its original culture and arts. And at that point it may be very satisfying to know that this one was done in a culture where only women weave, where some rugs were designed as gifts, others as items of economic exchange, and others as household utilitarian objects (including pleasures of the household members and their guests). 3. If there are secrets and/or hidden design features that only "initiates" know, I'd like to know whether the secrets are closely held by the initiates or whether as in so many small communities "everybody knows, but only some can say." And I'd like to know who gets the status and rank consequent to mastering the approved production of such motifs, who benefits from the consequences of full mastery of the knowledge associated with the motifs, and who get excluded in the process, and just how it happens. Then I know more about the rugs. Yon and others will caution, correct, or banish me if my contributions are too abstract: I'm looking for instruction here, as a slowlearner newbie ruggie. AFN |
Subject | : | RE:Secrecy |
Author | : | Steve Price |
Date | : | 12-16-1999 on 09:26 a.m. |
sprice@hsc.vcu.edu Dear Alan, You sound apologetic about being a learner and newbie. Don't be. The site's raison d'etre is to explore, learn, share interests and sometimes teach. We are all learners, and if there are any real experts among us, there aren't very many of them. Steve Price |
Subject | : | RE:Secrecy |
Author | : | Tom+Cole |
Date | : | 12-19-1999 on 06:55 p.m. |
Those who declare themselves students or learners are not to be believed. Their perspectives are often highly evolved. Alan's comments strike me as extremely thoughtful. Hidden imagery in rugs? Different perspectives on viewing the art? Makes sense to me; I have been pleasantly surprised when I have inadvertently or otherwise stumbled across a hidden or reciprocal pattern in Central Asian weaving. |